RESUMEN Objetivo. Investigar la relación entre un cuadro sintomático de depresión y la mortalidad en personas mayores en América Latina. Métodos. Se realizó una revisión sistemática con metanálisis de los estudios indexados en las bases de datos PubMed, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Scopus y Literatura Latinoamericana y del Caribe en Ciencias de la Salud (LILACS). El estudio se registró en la base de datos PROSPERO (Registro Prospectivo Internacional de Revisiones Sistemáticas) y se estructuró según la referencia metodológica PRISMA (Elementos preferidos de notificación para revisiones sistemáticas y metanálisis). El metanálisis se realizó con modelos de efectos aleatorios, y los datos analizados incluyeron los valores de riesgo relativo (RR) bruto y de heterogeneidad, con estimaciones puntuales e intervalos de confianza de 95% (IC 95%). Resultados. En el metanálisis se incluyeron cinco estudios realizados en Brasil y México con 8 954 personas mayores. El RR de mortalidad en presencia de un cuadro sintomático de depresión fue de 1,44 (IC 95%: 1,16; 1,78). La heterogeneidad fue de 80,87%. Las metarregresiones mostraron que cuanto mayor era la proporción de mujeres en las muestras de los estudios, mayor era el riesgo de mortalidad relacionada con el cuadro sintomático de depresión, y que cuanto mayor era el tiempo de seguimiento del estudio, menor era el riesgo de mortalidad relacionada con dicho cuadro sintomático. Conclusión. La presencia de un cuadro sintomático de depresión guardó una relación positiva con la mortalidad de personas mayores en América Latina, con un RR de muerte 44% mayor en comparación con las personas sin síntomas. Las principales limitaciones del estudio fueron el reducido número de estudios encontrados en la revisión sistemática y la variación entre las escalas utilizadas para determinar la presencia de un cuadro sintomático de depresión.

ABSTRACT Objective. To determine the existence of association between depressive symptoms and mortality in older individuals in Latin America. Method. A systematic review with meta-analysis was performed based on published studies indexed in PubMed, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and LILACS (Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde). The review protocol was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO), and structured according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Meta-analysis was performed using random effects models, and the data analyzed included crude relative risk (RR) and heterogeneity, with poin estimates and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Results. Five studies, performed in Brazil and Mexico, were included in the meta-analysis, for a total of 8 954 older individuals. RR for mortality in the presence of depressive symptoms was 1.44 (95%CI: 1.16; 1.78). Heterogeneity was 80.87%. Meta-regression showed that the higher the proportion of women in the sample, the higher the mortality risk associated with depressive symptoms; and that the longer the study follow-up, the lower the risk of mortality associated with depressive symptoms. Conclusion. The presence of depressive symptoms was positively associated with mortality in older Latin American individuals. The RR for death was 44.0% higher in individuals with depressive symptoms as compared to those without depressive symptoms. The main study limitations were the lower number of studies retrieved through systematic review and the variety of scales used to determine the presence of depressive symptoms.

RESUMO Objetivo. Averiguar a associação entre sintomatologia depressiva e mortalidade em idosos da América Latina. Métodos. Realizou-se uma revisão sistemática com metanálise de estudos indexados nas bases PubMed, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Scopus e Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS). O estudo foi registrado na base PROSPERO (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews) e estruturado de acordo com o referencial metodológico PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses). A metanálise foi realizada usando modelos de efeitos aleatórios, e os dados analisados incluíram as medidas de risco relativo (RR) bruto e heterogeneidade, com estimativas pontuais e intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%). Resultados. Cinco estudos, realizados no Brasil e no México, foram incluídos na metanálise, abrangendo 8 954 idosos. O RR para mortalidade na presença de sintomatologia depressiva foi de 1,44 (IC95%: 1,16; 1,78). A heterogeneidade encontrada foi de 80,87%. As metarregressões mostraram que quanto maior a proporção de mulheres nas amostras dos estudos, maior o risco de mortalidade associada à sintomatologia depressiva, e quanto maior o tempo de acompanhamento do estudo, menor o risco de mortalidade associada à sintomatologia depressiva. Conclusão. A presença de sintomatologia depressiva associou-se positivamente à mortalidade em idosos latino-americanos, com RR de óbito 44% maior em relação aos idosos sem sintomatologia depressiva. As principais limitações do estudo foram o pequeno número de trabalhos encontrados na revisão sistemática e a variação entre as escalas utilizadas para determinar a presença de sintomatologia depressiva.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To examine the effects of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB), in isolation and combination, on all-cause mortality in older adults. METHODS Prospective, population-based cohort study. The data were collected from first wave in 2015 and the follow-up continued until 2020. The sample consisted of 332 older adult people aged ≥ 60 years-old, out of which 59 died. The level of PA and SB was assessed by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). The older adults were divided into PA categorized as sufficiently active and insufficiently active and into high and low SB. We built four combinations of PA and SB. Also, we used the Cox proportional hazards regression with a 95% confidence interval with hazard ratio estimate so as to verify the mortality risks between PA, SB, and the combinations of PA and SB. RESULTS Insufficiently active individuals had higher risks of mortality compared to sufficiently active people. We observed no associations between SB and mortality separately; however, when evaluated in a combined way, insufficiently active individuals and with a high SB time had a higher chance of mortality compared to active individuals with a low SB time. CONCLUSION Our isolated analyses demonstrate that complying with PA recommendations reduces the risk of mortality; however, no association was found between the time of PA exposure with the time of SB. When analysing the combination, being physically inactive and with a long time of SB showed higher mortality rates, with SB being an enhancer of this risk. The results of this study show the interdependence of SB for PA performed at moderate to vigorous intensity. The understanding of this interrelation must be considered in the formulation of public health guidelines.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To examine the effects of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB), in isolation and combination, on all-cause mortality in older adults. METHODS Prospective, population-based cohort study. The data were collected from first wave in 2015 and the follow-up continued until 2020. The sample consisted of 332 older adult people aged ≥ 60 years-old, out of which 59 died. The level of PA and SB was assessed by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). The older adults were divided into PA categorized as sufficiently active and insufficiently active and into high and low SB. We built four combinations of PA and SB. Also, we used the Cox proportional hazards regression with a 95% confidence interval with hazard ratio estimate so as to verify the mortality risks between PA, SB, and the combinations of PA and SB. RESULTS Insufficiently active individuals had higher risks of mortality compared to sufficiently active people. We observed no associations between SB and mortality separately; however, when evaluated in a combined way, insufficiently active individuals and with a high SB time had a higher chance of mortality compared to active individuals with a low SB time. CONCLUSION Our isolated analyses demonstrate that complying with PA recommendations reduces the risk of mortality; however, no association was found between the time of PA exposure with the time of SB. When analysing the combination, being physically inactive and with a long time of SB showed higher mortality rates, with SB being an enhancer of this risk. The results of this study show the interdependence of SB for PA performed at moderate to vigorous intensity. The understanding of this interrelation must be considered in the formulation of public health guidelines.

Resumo A prática de atividades físicas no lazer representa um comportamento que auxilia na obtenção de potenciais beneficios para a saúde. Os objetivos deste estudo foram i) comparar as prevalências de universitários ativos no lazer entre três inquéritos transvesais; ii) analisar os fatores associados à prática de atividade física no lazer, em cada inquérito. Foram realizados três inquéritos nos anos de 2010, 2012 e 2014. O desfecho deste estudo foram os ativos no lazer (≥1 dia por semana). As variáveis exploratórias foram as sociodemográficas e de vínculo com a universidade. As prevalências entre os inquéritos foram comparadas pelo teste qui-quadrado para tendência e a associação foi estimada pelas Razões de Prevalências. A participação foi de 1.084, 1.085 e 1.041 universitários nos anos de 2010, 2012 e 2014, respectivamente. As prevalências de ativos no lazer foram de aproximadamente 50% nos três inquéritos. As mulheres foram menos ativas no lazer nos três inquéritos. Os universitários vinculados aos cursos da Biomedicina, Geografia – bacharelado, Educação Física – licenciatura e Geografia – licenciatura foram associados com maiores razões de prevalências de prática de atividades físicas no lazer. Os universitários com menores razões de prevalências de prática de atividades físicas no lazer foram provenientes dos cursos de Química – licenciatura, Ciência da computação, Pedagogia e Letras (sem habilitação). Conclui-se que houve a estabilização da prevalência de universitários ativos no lazer ao longo do período de análise e que as mulheres apresentaram menores prevalências de prática de atividades físicas no lazer nos três inquéritos.

Abstract The practice of leisure physical activity represents a behavior that must be monitored in different population groups. The objectives of this study were i) to compare the prevalence of leisure-time physical activity in university students along the survey years in three separate years; ii) to analyze the factors associated with practice of leisure-time physical activity in each survey. Three surveys in a college institution in northeastern Brazil in 2010, 2012 and 2014 were carried out. The dependent variable was practice of leisure-time physical activity. Exploratory variables were sociodemographic factors and link with the university. The prevalence was compared using the chi-square test for linear trend and association for Prevalence Ratio. Participation was of 1,084, 1,085 and 1,041 college students in 2010, 2012 and 2014, respectively. The prevalence of leisure-time physical activity was approximately 50% in the three surveys. Women were less active in leisure time on the three surveys. In each survey, associations were different in relation the courses, and Chemistry – teacher training, Computer Science, Pedagogy – teacher training and Linguistics (no specialization) students showed lower levels of leisure-time physical activity and Biomedicine, Geography – Bachelor, Physical Education – teacher training and Geography – teacher training students were more active in leisure time. It was concluded that there was a stabilization of the prevalence of active leisure over time and that women showed lower prevalence of leisure-time physical activity in the three surveys.

O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar a associação da percepção da imagem corporal com o estado nutricional de mulheres idosas. Trata-se de um estudo transversal com 265 idosas, na faixa etária de 60 a 96 anos, selecionada de forma aleatória e estratificada proporcional por grupos de conveniência no município de Jequié, Bahia. Foi aplicada uma entrevista com o intuito de obter informações referentes às características sociodemográficas (idade, estado civil, escolaridade e classe econômica), percepção da imagem corporal (escala de nove silhuetas) e mensuração da massa corporal e estatura para cálculo do Índice de Massa Corporal como parâmetro do estado nutricional. Utilizaram-se os procedimentos da estatística descritiva, medidas de associação e análise não paramétricas. Das idosas entrevistadas, 43,8% eram eutróficas, 3,4% se encontravam na categoria de baixo peso e 52,8% apresentavam sobrepeso. Quanto à percepção da imagem corporal, 54% das idosas eram insatisfeitas, principalmente pelo excesso corporal (35,1%), que estava associado ao estado nutricional, no qual o aumento da categoria do IMC elevava o percentual de idosas insatisfeitas. As idosas estavam insatisfeitas com sua imagem corporal e essa insatisfação estava associada à prevalência de obesidade.

This paper aims to investigate the association between perceived body image and nutritional status in elderly women. The methodology used was a cross-sectional cohort study of a sample of 265 elderly women aged 60 to 96 and selected by randomized proportional stratification by groups of convenience in the town of Jequié, Bahia, Brazil. Each subject was interviewed in order to obtain information on sociodemographic characteristics (age, marital status, educational level and economic class) and perceived body image (on a nine-silhouette scale) and their body mass and height were measured in order to calculate their Body Mass Index as a parameter of nutritional status. Data analysis employed descriptive statistics, measures of association and non-parametric analysis. A total of 43.8% of the elderly women interviewed were well-nourished, 3.4% were underweight and 52.8% were overweight. With reference to perceived body image, 54% of the women were unsatisfied, primarily due to excess body mass (35.1%), and this was associated with nutritional status, in that increases in BMI raised the percentage of unsatisfied women. The elderly from Bahia were unsatisfied with their body images, and this dissatisfaction was associated with the prevalence of obesity

O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar a associação da percepção da imagem corporal com o estado nutricional de mulheres idosas. Trata-se de um estudo transversal com 265 idosas, na faixa etária de 60 a 96 anos, selecionada de forma aleatória e estratificada proporcional por grupos de conveniência no município de Jequié, Bahia. Foi aplicada uma entrevista com o intuito de obter informações referentes às características sociodemográficas (idade, estado civil, escolaridade e classe econômica), percepção da imagem corporal (escala de nove silhuetas) e mensuração da massa corporal e estatura para cálculo do Índice de Massa Corporal como parâmetro do estado nutricional. Utilizaram-se os procedimentos da estatística descritiva, medidas de associação e análise não paramétricas. Das idosas entrevistadas, 43,8% eram eutróficas, 3,4% se encontravam na categoria de baixo peso e 52,8% apresentavam sobrepeso. Quanto à percepção da imagem corporal, 54% das idosas eram insatisfeitas, principalmente pelo excesso corporal (35,1%), que estava associado ao estado nutricional, no qual o aumento da categoria do IMC elevava o percentual de idosas insatisfeitas. As idosas estavam insatisfeitas com sua imagem corporal e essa insatisfação estava associada à prevalência de obesidade.

This paper aims to investigate the association between perceived body image and nutritional status in elderly women. The methodology used was a cross-sectional cohort study of a sample of 265 elderly women aged 60 to 96 and selected by randomized proportional stratification by groups of convenience in the town of Jequié, Bahia, Brazil. Each subject was interviewed in order to obtain information on sociodemographic characteristics (age, marital status, educational level and economic class) and perceived body image (on a nine-silhouette scale) and their body mass and height were measured in order to calculate their Body Mass Index as a parameter of nutritional status. Data analysis employed descriptive statistics, measures of association and non-parametric analysis. A total of 43.8% of the elderly women interviewed were well-nourished, 3.4% were underweight and 52.8% were overweight. With reference to perceived body image, 54% of the women were unsatisfied, primarily due to excess body mass (35.1%), and this was associated with nutritional status, in that increases in BMI raised the percentage of unsatisfied women. The elderly from Bahia were unsatisfied with their body images, and this dissatisfaction was associated with the prevalence of obesity